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BPAP, which consists of the initials of Bilevel positive airway pressure, means two-stage continuous positive airway pressure.
BPAP devices are used in chronic respiratory diseases such as COPD and lung cancer, as well as in respiratory diseases such as COVID-19 during the pandemic period. It is also applied to people who cannot adapt to CPAP or AUTOCPAP (devices that produce single-level positive airway pressure) devices used in the treatment of sleep apnea. BPAP devices are also known as Bilevel CPAP. These devices are generally used with masks.
BPAP devices apply different pressures while the person is breathing. IPAP is the pressure applied by the device while the user is inhaling and EPAP is the pressure applied while exhaling. The EPAP value should be less than the IPAP value. In this way, a pressure difference occurs in the respiratory tract and this pressure difference in the treatment of respiratory diseases is utilized. BPAP, BPAP ST, BPAP ST AVAPS, AUTOBPAP and ASV devices are included in the BPAP category.
BPAP devices administered by mask are generally used for the treatment of diseases such as acute and chronic respiratory failure, pneumonia, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The mask application is called non-invasive. BPAP actually refers to a respiratory mode. It should not be perceived as just a type of device. Devices that do not contain different respiratory modes other than BPAP are called BPAP devices.
Why Are BPAP Devices Preferred?
Several important aspects play a role in the treatment of BPAP device. The most important of these is that some patients cannot adapt to the high pressure applied continuously. Some patients cannot breathe comfortably when a pressure of 12 cmH2O and above is applied in a single level with CPAP devices. Therefore, BPAP devices are preferred over CPAP or AUTOCPAP.
Another issue is that the patient has problems not only when breathing but also when exhaling due to high pressure. This condition is called expiratory difficulty. Another issue is lung diseases that obstruct the respiratory tract, such as COPD. In these cases, different pressure application is needed when breathing and exhaling.
Some sleep apnea patients are also treated for COPD. In such cases, BPAP devices are preferred instead of CPAP or AUTOCPAP. If the patient also suffers from oxygen deficiency, it may be necessary to use an oxygen concentrator in addition to BPAP devices. Such devices and accessories are medical products that should be used with the advice of a specialist physician. The use of such devices with non-specialist recommendations may pose risks to human health.
Types of BPAP Devices
There are 5 types of BPAP devices;
- BPAP Device
- BPAP ST Device
- AUTOBPAP Device
- BPAP ST AVAPS Device
- ASV Device
Although the devices are similar in terms of working method, they contain differences in terms of respiratory parameters. Two levels of continuous positive respiratory pressure are generated in all BPAP devices. Here, two levels of IPAP (Inspiratory positive airway pressure) refer to inspiratory respiratory pressure and EPAP (expiratory positive airway pressure) refers to expiratory airway pressure.
BPAP ST devices have ratio and I/E parameters in addition to IPAP and EPAP. The other name of the rate parameter is frequency. Refers to the number of breaths per minute. The I/E parameter can be explained as the ratio of the breathing time to the expiration time. BPAP ST device allows patients to keep their breathing under more control.
In some patients, the air volume needed during breathing may be high. This is usually caused by conditions such as lying position, obesity, and sleep stage. In such cases, BPAP ST AVAPS devices are used to provide volumetric respiratory support. These devices regulate the pressure and give air to the patient in the targeted volume. In addition to the BPAP ST device, there is a volume parameter.
AUTOBPAP is used in patients who need to use BPAP or BPAP ST but cannot adapt to high pressures.
BPAP devices must meet the changing pressure requirement. High pressure applied unnecessarily causes more apnea in patients. Therefore, the pressure required by the patient should be applied by the devices at the lowest level. The types of devices that can provide this are called ASV (adaptive servo ventilation) devices.
You can access the CPAP and BPAP device types offered by Elmaslar Medikal by clicking here
One of the most important factors for the patient’s compliance with BPAP treatment is the mask type. The characteristics of the mask used in the treatment such as its size, design, and the type of material used can affect the process positively or negatively.You can access the mask types offered by Elmaslar Medikal by clicking here
